英語碩士畢業論文範文
本文以人文學科英語論文格式為參考，概述美國教育學術界常用的論文格式規範。
一、英語論文的標題
一篇較長的英語論文(如英語畢業論文)一般都需要標題頁,其書寫格式如下:第一行標題與列印紙頂端的距離約為列印紙全長的三分之一,與下行(通常為 by,居中)的距離則為5cm,第三、第四行分別為作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果該篇英語論文是學生針對某門課程而寫,則在作者姓名與日期之間還需分別打上教師學銜及其姓名(如:dr./prof.c.prager)及本門課程的'編號或名稱(如:english 734或british novel)。列印時,如無特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行列印,行距約為0.6cm(論文其他部分行距同此)。
就學生而言,如果英語論文篇幅較短,亦可不做標題頁(及提綱頁),而將標題頁的內容打在正文第一頁的左上方。第一行為作者姓名,與列印紙頂端距離約為2.5cm,以下各行依次為教師學銜和姓、課程編號(或名稱)及日期;各行左邊上下對齊,並留出2.5cm左右的頁邊空白(下同)。接下來便是論文標題及正文(日期與標題之間及標題與正文第一行之間只需隔行列印,不必留出更多空白)。
二、英語論文提綱
英語論文提綱頁包括論題句及提綱本身,其規範格式如下:先在第一行(與列印紙頂端的距離仍為2.5cm左右)的始端打上 thesis 一詞及冒號,空一格後再打論題句,回行時左邊須與論題句的第一個字母上下對齊。主要綱目以大寫羅馬數字標出,次要綱目則依次用大寫英文字母、阿拉伯數字和小寫英文字母標出。各數字或字母后均為一句點,空出一格後再打該項內容的第一個字母;處於同一等級的綱目,其上下行左邊必須對齊。需要注意的是,同等重要的綱目必須是兩個以上,即:有ⅰ應有ⅱ,有a應有b,以此類推。如果英文論文提綱較長,需兩頁紙,則第二頁須在右上角用小寫羅馬數字標出頁碼,即ii(第一頁無需標頁碼)。
三、英語論文正文
有標題頁和提綱頁的英語論文,其正文第一頁的規範格式為:論文標題居中,其位置距列印紙頂端約5cm,距正文第一行約1.5cm。段首字母須縮排五格,即從第六格打起。正文第一頁不必標頁碼(但應計算其頁數),自第二頁起,必須在每頁的右上角(即空出第一行,在其後部)打上論文作者的姓,空一格後再用阿拉伯數字標出頁碼;阿拉伯數字(或其最後一位)應為該行的最後一個空格。在列印正文時尚需注意標點符號的列印格式,即:句末號(句號、問號及感嘆號) 後應空兩格,其他標點符號後則空一格。
四、英語論文的文中引述
正確引用作品原文或專家、學者的論述是寫好英語論文的重要環節;既要注意引述與論文的有機統一,即其邏輯性,又要注意引述格式 (即英語論文參考文獻)的規範性。引述別人的觀點,可以直接引用,也可以間接引用。無論採用何種方式,論文作者必須註明所引文字的作者和出處。目前美國學術界通行的做法是在引文後以圓括弧形式註明引文作者及出處。
Conclusion
The paper presented a methodology to assess area and positional quality among data sets for integration purposes (Sui, 2008). The study integrated different methods for obtaining useful descriptions of accuracy assessment. NSSDA was indeed useful in calculation of RMSE values that yielded comparative measures for positional accuracy between Romsey and Eastleign features. The second procedure compared a tested source to a reference source by establishing buffers around the lines (roads) in both data sets which is analyzable by simple statistics that consider relative uniformity of the buffer zones. In addition, shape metrics such as the moment invariants were as well applied in evaluation of polygon accuracy (Haklay, 2008).
The results obtained in this study revealed that accuracy of OS data was closer to FS reference data set. On the other hand, the study revealed that completeness, positional and linage accuracy of the OSM data did not match the OS or the reference data set. Ordinance survey remains the oldest protocol, its current maps of the day depict long legacy having been the products of long survey and concurrent digitization. Maps of 1:2500 scales were treated with caution on county boundaries and the infill areas of the rural towns, modern day capture protocol e.g. the GPS would highlight areas of weaknesses for absolute accuracy though relative accuracy is good in most times, therefore the Ordinary survey is using the positional accuracy improvement to improve the overall quality of the rural maps thus giving an homogenous high standards.
This research is devoted to the contrast of accuracy in position of volunteered geographic data and proprietary geospatial information, using the case reading of German cities. On the one hand, bidimensional deterioration examination is applied for the purpose of evaluating the international geometries of the mold. Collection of low and high precisions is as well detected using local autocorrelation data. The results illustrate that both sets of data, TT and OSM, have a high accuracy in position and can be used for medium and small scale mapping relevance However, the bidimensional deterioration approximations shows highest connection between TT/OSM and their real position, but the TT set of data has less deformation than the OSM The G*-statistic outcome in some collection with low and high accuracy in position, interpretable as spatial similarity. Furthermore, OSM regions of high accuracy are mainly located in urban centers that have high population, leading to a conclusion that these regions are subject to a higher substantiation rate and as a result, faults are corrected more quic