考研英語基礎閱讀技巧之論點論據？
基礎階段(3到6月),廣大考生除了要每天背單詞啃長難句之外,對閱讀的要求也不能鬆懈,那該如何進行復習,怎樣才能事半功倍呢?
我們知道不管是英語一還是英語二考研閱讀的文章95%以上的'都是議論文。而議論文最重要是找到論點。那如何區分論點和論據呢?
1.若前面有完整句子。後以for example、take sth for example 、such as 、take 、consider、like 等開始的,一直到點號結束,中間都不用讀,括號括起來,括號內容為論據。前一句話為論據。此情況出現頻率極高。這一技巧,在閱讀理解和新題型中都是適用的。
“Ihave great confidence that by theend of the decade we'll know in vast detailhow cancer cells arise,” saysmicrobiologist Robert Weinberg, an expert oncancer. “But,” he cautions, “somepeople have the idea that once one understandsthe causes, the cure willrapidly follow. Consider Pasteur, he discovered thecauses of many kinds ofinfections, but it was fifty or sixty years before cureswere available.”(1994年)
2.若前面有完整句子。後面馬上出現引號引用某人的話,那後面的引用一定為論據,不用讀。
Acuteforeign observers relatedAmerican adaptiveness and inventiveness to thiseducational advantage. As amember of a British commission visiting here in 1853reported, “With a mindprepared by thorough school discipline, the American boydevelops rapidly intothe skilled workman.”(1996)那這段話中就只用讀第一句。
Giventhis optimistic approach totechnological innovation, the American worker tookreadily to that special kindof nonverbal thinking required in mechanicaltechnology. As Eugene Ferguson haspointed out, “A technologist thinks aboutobjects that cannot be reduced tounambiguous verbal descriptions; they aredealt with in his mind by a visual,nonverbal process … The designer and theinventor … are able to assemble andmanipulate in their minds devices that asyet do not exist.”(1996)這段話也只用讀第一句。
3. 抽象觀點或概念後,有具體例子。例子為論據。這是一種頻率高但是很容易忽略的點。希望大家好好練習:
Butthe tide is unlikely to turn back,In Australia - where an aging population,life-extending technology andchanging community attitudes have all played theirpart - other states aregoing to consider making a similar law to deal witheuthanasia. In theUSandCanada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observersarewaiting for the dominoes to start falling.
在這一小段話中。In Australia與 In the US and Canada並列,同時也是前一句話tide趨勢這一抽象概念的2個具體例子。
4. 某句後有人名,數字,時間等列舉。列舉點一定是論據。
Theofficial statistics are mildlydiscouraging. They show that, if you lumpmanufacturing and services together,productivity has grown on average by 1.2%since 1987. That is somewhat fasterthan the average during the previous decade.And since 1991, productivity hasincreased by about 2% a year, which is morethan twice the 1978-1987 average.The trouble is that part of the recentacceleration is due to the usual reboundthat occurs at this point in a businesscycle, and so is not conclusiveevidence of a revival in the underlying trend.There is, as Robert Rubin, thetreasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” betweenthe mass of business anecdotethat points to a leap in productivity and thepicture reflected by thestatistics.
那這段話就只用讀第一句。
Twoother explanations are morespeculative. First, some of the businessrestructuring of recent years may havebeen ineptly done. Second, even if it waswell done, it may have spread muchless widely than people suppose.
LeonardSchlesinger, a Harvard academicand former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, arapidly growing chain of bakerycafes, says that much “re-engineering” has beencrude. In many cases, hebelieves, the loss of revenue has been greater than thereductions in cost. Hiscolleague, Michael Beer, says that far too manycompanies have appliedre-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping outcosts without givingsufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO’s AlRosenshine is blunter.He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultantsas mere rubbish --“the worst sort of ambulance cashing.”
那這2段話該怎麼分析呢?我們可以看到第二段出現了2個人,也就是說整個第二段都是人名的列舉。都是例子都不需要讀。
綜上所述,學會區分論點論據,能讓我們很大程度上簡化文章。能在基礎階段好好學習、好好練習,為暑期和後面的強化階段打下夯實的基礎。