美國概況期末考試
美國概況期末考試
美國考點
1、Melting Pot :The USA is honorably called “Melting Pot”,a phrase commonly used to signify the mixture and assimilation of different races that have immigrated into the US.
2、Capital:Washington D.C
3、Thomas Jefferson was the first president inaugurated there.
4、The White House is the official presidential residence.
5、The Big Apple:New York City is often called “The Big Apple”,which was termed by jazz musician to describe something that is the ultimate in size,excitement and achievement.
6、Committee of Correspondence----Sons of Liberty自由之子組織 An organization before the American Independence War.In 1772,at the suggestion of Samuel Adams,the Boston town meeting appointed a “Committee of Correspondence” to get in touch with people of other towns of the colonies about England’s treatment of the settlers.
7、the Declaration o independence<獨立宣言> According to the development of the situation,the Second Continental Congress which was still in session decided to draw up a declaration of independence at the suggestion of Richard Herry Lee,a representative of Virginia.The document was drawn by a committee including Thomas Jefferson as head. On July 4th ,1776,the document was accepted by the Congress and since then July 4th has been observed as National Day of the United States.
8、Monroe Doctrine門羅主義 Not long after the war of 1812,some European colonies in South Africa began to revolt and many of them started independent republics,such as Chile,Peru,Mexico and Brazil.So some European countries formed a group called the Holy Alliance(神聖同盟)which seemed ready to help put down the South America revolutions.The United States thought it was unfavorable to her if the Holy Alliance extended its influence in South America.In 1823 President Monroe sent a message to Congress.This is known as “Monroe Doctrine”.The main points are ：
① The European countries ought not to start any new colonies in North or South America.
② The European Countries ought not to interfere with the newly---established South American republics.
③ The United States ought not to interfere in the affairs of European countries .
This Monroe Doctrine stopped the Holy Alliance’s program ,and prevented the European countries from extending their influence in South American.However,it also revealed that the United States meant to control the whole of the Americas.The “Monroe Doctrine” marked a new beginning in American history and it was an important symbol of America expansionism.
9、The American Civil War
10、(1)Q:What was the situation before the Civil War?And why was the war inevitable?(lasted 4 years,1861~1865) A:
1)Three Great Tides.
①The first tide was the “Westward Movement”.Between 1815 and 1830 over 500,000 Europeans came into the United States.Theses immigrants,landless farmers,and jobless workers moved westward to the vast area of wilderness.
② The second tide was about the two economic systems in the North and the South.----Industrial and Plantation.(工業經濟與種植園經濟)This was the main cause of the conflict and also the main cause of the Civil War between the North and the South.
③ The third tide was the growth of the working class.The Western Movement,the two different economic systems of the North and the South and the upsurge of the worker’s movement formed the main aspects of the situation before the Civil War.
2)The Slavery Problem Shortly after the revolution the Northern states began to get rid of their slaves because slave labor wars not profitable. 1852---”Uncle Tom’s Cabin”came out,written by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
3)The Political Conflicts
①the Republicans and the Democrats